Essential Oil Chemistry
Samaneh Rahamoz- Haghighi; Malek Hossein Asadi; Ali Riahi- madvar; Amin Baghizadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
A. calamus that grows in province of Baluchistan and Kerman in Iran plays a major role in the revival of traditional medicine. Despite the useful role of this plant in many ailments, its anti-bacterial properties are not well understood. In this study, we investigated anti-bacterial activities of rhizomes ...
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A. calamus that grows in province of Baluchistan and Kerman in Iran plays a major role in the revival of traditional medicine. Despite the useful role of this plant in many ailments, its anti-bacterial properties are not well understood. In this study, we investigated anti-bacterial activities of rhizomes ware of A. calamus against various strains of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The anti-microbial activity of extracts of A.calamus was assessed by disc diffusion method. Rhizomes extracted by ethanol, methanol solvents and essential oil were obtained by clevenger apparatus. Antibacterial effects of the extracts tested at concentrations (25, 100, 200, 250, 300, 400 mg/ml). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of extracts ranged from 25-100 mg/ml against the susceptible bacteria. All the Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were the same as the MICs. Our results revealed that ethanolic and methanolic extracts have an inhibitory effect on all gram positive and negative strains and it is comparable with kanamycin, an anti-bacterial reference drug. Amongst extracts of A.calamus, ethanolic extracts showed maximum inhibitory activity (16mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. So we can conclude that this plant has anti-bacterial properties on all gram positive and negative bacteria. The result can be related to the nature of the compounds found in this plant. The effective GC-MS method was performed for the determination of essential oil compounds of A.calamus. The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the presence of phenyl propanoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and β-asarone in essential oil of the plant caused its antibacterial properties. Our result showed that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of A. calamus could be useful for the development of effective treatment for the control of infectious diseases. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.1.0
Ethnopharmaceutics
Hakimeh Oloumi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a small, erect plant, which is used in several traditional medicines to treat many diseases. It is a native of most of the Asian and African countries. All plant parts exude thick white milky juice (latex) on cut or break. This shrub has been known to possess analgesic, antitumor, ...
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Calotropis procera is a small, erect plant, which is used in several traditional medicines to treat many diseases. It is a native of most of the Asian and African countries. All plant parts exude thick white milky juice (latex) on cut or break. This shrub has been known to possess analgesic, antitumor, antihelmintic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, oestrogenic, antinociceptive, and antimalarial activity. This article summarized information concerning pharmacognostical aspects of Calotropis procera plant.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.1.2
Phytochemistry
Ali Riahi- madvar; Solmaz Sarhady; Mehdi Mohammadi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Sulforaphane is produced through a hydrolytic reaction catalyzed by myrosinase from glucoraphanin. It has recently attracted researcher's interest due to its anticancer activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of yeast extract (YE) and silver ...
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Sulforaphane is produced through a hydrolytic reaction catalyzed by myrosinase from glucoraphanin. It has recently attracted researcher's interest due to its anticancer activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of yeast extract (YE) and silver ion (Ag+) on sulforaphane production level in Lepidium draba seedlings. Our results revealed that the sulforaphane content is increased in seedlings that treated with the both elicitors, but more significantly by Ag+. All elicitor influences are depend on the elicitor dose and time of elicitation and maximized with YE at 1 mg/mL for 8 hours and with Ag+ at 50 µM for 4 hours treatment. It seems that the promotion of sulforaphane content results in induction of glucoraphanin biosynthesis pathway which in turn is mediated by H2O2, as revealed by a significant increase in the activity of H2O2 scavenger enzymes. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.1.1
Maryam Aminizadeh; Ali Riahi-Madvar; Mehdi Mohammadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 8-14
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate which is produced through glucoraphanin hydrolysis via myrosinase activity. In the present study, SFN content and peroxidase activity has been assessed in treated Lepidium draba seedlings with different concentrations of iron and copper during 8 and 16 hours treatment. ...
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Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate which is produced through glucoraphanin hydrolysis via myrosinase activity. In the present study, SFN content and peroxidase activity has been assessed in treated Lepidium draba seedlings with different concentrations of iron and copper during 8 and 16 hours treatment. The results showed that the SFN content drastically elevated at treatment with 1 mg/L Fe2+ after 8 hours treatment which was around two-fold compared to the control. But its content decreased in treated seedlings with higher Fe2+ concentrations as well as treatment with all concentrations of Cu2+. Furthermore, promotion of peroxidase activity was seen in the treated seedlings with the both elicitors. The data revealed that not only the inhibitory effect of Cu2+ on SFN production was stronger than Fe2+, but its stimulatory effect on peroxidase activity was also remarkable especially after 16 hours treatment. It seems that the metals induce triggering of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which at low Fe2+ concentration leads to induce glucoraphanin biosynthesis pathway. While at higher Fe2+ concentrations as well as treatment seedlings with Cu2+, ROS lead to induce antioxidant enzyme system.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.2.1
Ethnomedicine
Samira Kariminejad; Mahsa Abdnikfarjam; Seyed Reza Hosseini Doust; Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala; Jinous Asgarpanah; Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 9-13
Abstract
Nepeta depauperata belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is one the Persian endemic plants which has not been investigated biologically. In the present paper we had focused on the assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the total methanolic extract and different sub-fraction of the ...
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Nepeta depauperata belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is one the Persian endemic plants which has not been investigated biologically. In the present paper we had focused on the assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the total methanolic extract and different sub-fraction of the flowering aerial parts of it. The Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by cup plate method and disc diffusion assay, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the active extract or subfraction were determined by micro plate dilution method. The crude extract and chloroform sub-fraction of N. depauperata had inhibition activity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while no antibacterial activity observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. It was concluded from the antifungal assay that just the yeast C. albicans, showed a high sensitivity to all the extract and related sub-fractions. No activity was seen against Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. These findings demonstrate that the N. depauperata is effective against S. aureus, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa and could be a natural source of effective natural antifungal compounds against C. albicans.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.2.3
Herbal Science
Rozita Kabiri; Mehdi Naghizadeh; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 9-16
Abstract
Compounds which are able to reduce damaging effects of various stresses such as drought could be of great importance. In this research, arginine was used as a precursor of nitric oxide or polyamines and the effect of this compound on alleviation of oxidative damages under drought stress has been investigated. ...
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Compounds which are able to reduce damaging effects of various stresses such as drought could be of great importance. In this research, arginine was used as a precursor of nitric oxide or polyamines and the effect of this compound on alleviation of oxidative damages under drought stress has been investigated. Experimental treatments included arginine at three levels (0, 10 and 20 µmol) and, drought stress (induced by polyethylene glycol 6000) at the levels of 0, 13.5% and 17% (W/V). This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The application of arginine through the root medium, increased drought tolerance of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) seedlings. Arginine profoundly induced the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and, polyphenol oxidase in plants which led to reduction in electrolyte leakage and increasing in relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and, carotenoids), polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin content and, soluble sugar content. It is concluded that the application of arginine appeared to induce pre-adaptive responses to drought stress, leading to promote protective reactions. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.2.2
Jalal Ghanbari; Gholamreza Khajoeinejad; Ghasem Mohamadinejad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 15-22
Abstract
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important cultivable medicinal plants in Iran and today, it is the second most popular spice in the world after black pepper. It is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in cumin breeding programs. Therefore, different multivariate ...
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Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important cultivable medicinal plants in Iran and today, it is the second most popular spice in the world after black pepper. It is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in cumin breeding programs. Therefore, different multivariate statistical analysis was performed on plant characters in cumin to determine the relationships between seed yield and seed yield components under field conditions. Positive and significant relationships were found statistically between the umbel number/plant, seed number/plant and biomass in all sowing dates. There were also very high correlation coefficients for plant height and number of branches with seed yield/plant at most of the sowing dates. Stepwise linear multiple regression analysis for each sowing dates indicated that 89% to 97.2% of the total variation in seed yield/plant was explained by the variation of the seed number/plant, umbel number/plant and 1000-seed weight in the different sowing dates. Path analysis revealed that seed number/plant had strong direct effects on seed yield of cumin in all sowing dates and 1000-seed weight in most sowing dates had positive direct effects on seed yield/plant which shows their potentials in breeding programs. There were high and significant correlation coefficients between umbel number/plant and plant height with seed yield/plant that was resulted from greatest indirect effects of mentioned traits through seed number/plant. In accordance with results of this research, it can be concluded that seed number/plant and 1000-seed weight are good selection criteria for improving seed yield in the cumin, meanwhile umbel number/plant and plant height have good potential to improve seed yield through indirect selection in breeding strategies.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.3.2
Ethnotaxonomy of Medicinal Plants
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash; Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh; Samira Tofigh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 14-22
Abstract
The genus Hyoscyamus belongs to the tribe Hyoscyameae Miers of Solanaceae family. Variation in protein bands elaborates the relationship among the collections from various geographical regions. In this study the seed storage protein diversity of 19 accessions of Hyoscyamus (H. niger, H. reticulatus and ...
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The genus Hyoscyamus belongs to the tribe Hyoscyameae Miers of Solanaceae family. Variation in protein bands elaborates the relationship among the collections from various geographical regions. In this study the seed storage protein diversity of 19 accessions of Hyoscyamus (H. niger, H. reticulatus and H. pusillus) from West Azerbaijan (Iran) was investigated according to the Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Seed protein was analyzed through slab type SDS-PAGE using 15% polyacrylamide gels. The similarity matrix was computed by using Jaccard΄s similarity coefficients, based on polymorphic bands, and dendrogram established through UPGMA cluster analysis. Genetic similarity ranged from 0.07 to 0.87, which indicates high genetic distance at interspecies level. The plotted dendrogram revealed two major clusters. The result of this study indicates that the accessions of Hyoscyamus could effectively be differentiated on the basis of polymorphism, detected by protein bands pattern. Therefore, seed protein profiles seem to be rapid and reliable method to detect inter and intra-specific variation in Hyoscyamus landraces in relation to geographical origin for future breeding programs.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.3.4
Agronomy of Medicinal Plants
azadeh Karimi Afshar; Amin Baghizadeh; Ghasem Mohammadi-nejad
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 17-22
Abstract
Cumin is one of the most agriculturally valuable plants, in the semi-arid tropical regions of Iran. In this research, drought tolerance of 49 cumin ecotypes were evaluated under irrigated, and rained conditions in the field during two years (2010 and 2011). Five drought tolerance/susceptibility indices ...
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Cumin is one of the most agriculturally valuable plants, in the semi-arid tropical regions of Iran. In this research, drought tolerance of 49 cumin ecotypes were evaluated under irrigated, and rained conditions in the field during two years (2010 and 2011). Five drought tolerance/susceptibility indices including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance (TOL) and susceptible stress index (SSI) were applied. Results of combined analysis based on the experiments showed a significant variation among ecotypes for grain yield and, it was decreased due to drought stress. The mean grain yield of Ardestan and Ravar in normal and drought stress conditions possessed the highest values respectively. According to the results derived from principal component analysis, bi-plot display and STS equation, Ravar was identified as the most drought tolerant ecotype. In conclusion, this suitable ecotype could be recommended for cropping in regions with limited water resources, also MP, GMP and STI indices were found to be more effective in identifying drought-tolerant and high yielding ecotypes in both conditions. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.3.3
Manzar Mirzahashemi; Pooran Golkar; Ghasem Mohamadinejad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 23-28
Abstract
The mode of agronomic traits inheritance was investigated in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in drought stress as a new report. Five generation including p 1, p 2, F1, F2 and F3 that derived from the cross of IL.111 (drought sensitive) ×Mex.22-191 (drought tolerance) were used in a randomized ...
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The mode of agronomic traits inheritance was investigated in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in drought stress as a new report. Five generation including p 1, p 2, F1, F2 and F3 that derived from the cross of IL.111 (drought sensitive) ×Mex.22-191 (drought tolerance) were used in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Generation mean analysis was used to estimate genetic parameters. The additive model [d] was fitted for seed-weight, dry weight/plant and number of seeds/plant. The simple additive-dominance model [d, h] was fitted for number of seeds/ capsule. Additive-dominance model was not adequate for plant height, number of branches per plant and number of capsules per plant. Hence, dominance× dominance epistasis [l] was added to fit the model as [d, h, l] for these traits. So, the genetic control of mentioned traits was under additive, dominance and dominance× dominance gene effects. Obtained results could be suitable for designing of breeding strategies to improve seed yield of safflower in drought stress. The highest value for broad-sense (0.94) and narrow-sense (0.9) heritability were denoted to seeds/capsule.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.4.3
Herbal Science
Sayed Rasoul Zaker; Shahin Gavanji; Sayedeh Sana Sayedipour; Azizollah Bakhtari; Elham Shirani Bidabadi; Behrouz Larki; Zahra Golestannejad
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 23-34
Abstract
Nowadays, many antibiotics are being used to control infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to emergence of resistant bacteria and problems such as a prolonged course of treatment. Medicinal plants and their derivatives, as a good source of treatment, are effective against drug resistance. ...
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Nowadays, many antibiotics are being used to control infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to emergence of resistant bacteria and problems such as a prolonged course of treatment. Medicinal plants and their derivatives, as a good source of treatment, are effective against drug resistance. In this study we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of herbal essential oils of four medicinal plant Cuminum cyminum, Satureja hotensis L, Citrus limon and Mentha piperita. For preparation of herbal essential oils clevenger apparatus was used, and the active components of the herbal essential oils were determined by GC-MS. In order to observe the effects of the essential oils, they were examined on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method in vitro. Also, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericide Concentration (MBC) of each essential oil was measured and compared with commonly used antibiotics. Obtained results showed that all of the essential oils possess inhibitory and antibacterial effects, but the Mentha piperita essential oil showed a better effect in comparison to other used essential oils. It was concluded that all the herbal species demonstrate antibacterial properties, but the level of bacterial growth inhibition induced by plant materials, shown to be dependent on herbal source and bacterial strain.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.4.5
Agronomy of Medicinal Plants
Sholeh Ghollasimood; shahram Sedaghathor; Maryam Hosseini
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 23-28
Abstract
Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) is a useful medicinal plant with many seeded berries; the limits of germination rate and long dormancy of the seeds are as major barriers to the optimal use of this plant. To evaluation of some treatments on breaking seed dormancy and increasing germination ...
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Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) is a useful medicinal plant with many seeded berries; the limits of germination rate and long dormancy of the seeds are as major barriers to the optimal use of this plant. To evaluation of some treatments on breaking seed dormancy and increasing germination rate, the experiment carried out using factorial design with three replications in research lab in Faculty of Agriculture in 2013. Treatments were including gibberellic acid, Nitrate potassium, heating, wet and dry chilling each with two levels and transferred to germinator 15 °C and 25 °C (day/night) and 12 hours light. Seeds were counted every two days within one month. The results revealed the highest germination rate were belong to gibberellic acid (500 ppm), potassium nitrate 1% (8 hr) and wet chilling (15 days) while heating had no significant effect on germination. The seeds have physiological dormancy in which could be removed by some treatments. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.4.4
Mohamadreza Zare Mehrjerdi; Amirhossein Tohidi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 29-36
Abstract
Exchange rate pass-through to the price of traded goods is one of the important issues in economy of developing countries such as Iran and affects the efficiency of the exchange rate policies to improve the trade balance. The main aim of this paper is to empirically analyze exchange rate pass-through ...
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Exchange rate pass-through to the price of traded goods is one of the important issues in economy of developing countries such as Iran and affects the efficiency of the exchange rate policies to improve the trade balance. The main aim of this paper is to empirically analyze exchange rate pass-through to Iran's saffron export price using panel data for twenty destination markets during 2000–2011. Utilizing the system generalized method of moments and controlling endogeneity of several explanatory variables, the estimation results showed that exchange rate pass-through was incomplete. Considering incomplete pass-through of exchange rate to Iran's saffron export price, it is concluded that Iranian exporters are able to discriminate price among destination markets and can absorb a portion of the change in the exchange rate in order to maintain or increase market share. The results also suggest that Iranian exporters partially offset the effect of tariff rate on saffron export price. Another important result is that macroeconomic environment in destination markets plays an important role in determining the Iran's saffron export price.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.5.4
Medicinal Plant Chemistry
mostafa najar; Khodayar Hemmat; Amir Daraei Garmekhany; Aminallah Bagherifard
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 29-37
Abstract
In this study the effect of altitude (in two provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan) on some morphological and biochemical properties of the stems, flowers and root of nettle plant was examined. Sampling was performed at the flowering time of plant. Extraction and identification of active ingredients were ...
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In this study the effect of altitude (in two provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan) on some morphological and biochemical properties of the stems, flowers and root of nettle plant was examined. Sampling was performed at the flowering time of plant. Extraction and identification of active ingredients were performed by using spectrophotometer and HPLC methods. This research was conducted based on completely randomized design by using statistical analysis software (SAS, 9.1). Results that altitude did not show significant effect on morphological properties, but in general it can be said that the height 1450m above the sea level in both provinces was the best height for morphological characteristics. Maximum size of stem diameter (7.05cm), root diameter (5.01cm), root length (31.1cm) and number of inflorescence (54.2) were observed in Golestan province at the altitude of 1450m and the highest size of inflorescence (5.52cm) in the Mazandaran province was related to the altitude of 1450m above the sea levels. The amount of total phenol, total flavonoids, Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rutin in the stem and leaf, nettle root increased with increasing the height, so that the largest amount of total phenol (3.38 and 1.28 mg/g), total flavonoids (3.98 and 2.53 mg/g), Chlorogenic Acid (0.3 and 0.13 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.065 and 0.021 mg/g) and rutin (0.37 mg/g) were observed in stem, flower and root plant at altitude of 2250 m in leh koh region of Mazandaran province. Results showed that positive correlations exist between total phenol and flavonoid content and height of sea level. Many of morphological parameters such as stem diameter, root diameter, root length and number of inflorescence in Golestan province increased with increasing altitude up to 1450 m and the size of inflorescence in Mazandaran province in the same height showed the highest value. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.5.5
Agronomy of Medicinal Plants
mohammad taghi darzi; Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 35-42
Abstract
In order to study the response of concentration and composition of essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) to cattle manure and nitrogen fixing bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications ...
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In order to study the response of concentration and composition of essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) to cattle manure and nitrogen fixing bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications at homand research station in Damavand of Iran in 2010. The factors were cattle manure in four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and nitrogen fixing bacteria in three levels (inoculation with azotobacter, inoculation with azospirillum and inoculation together). Results showed that the highest essential oil content and linalool and alpha pinene in essential oil were obtained with application of 10 ton/ha cattle manure. The maximum gamma terpinene and the minimum geranyl acetate in essential oil were obtained after applying 15 ton/ha cattle manure. Nitrogen fixing bacteria also showed significant effects on linalool, alpha pinene and geranyl acetate in essential oil (except essential oil content and gamma terpinene in essential oil) as the highest linalool in essential oil in treatment of inoculation with azotobacter, the maximum alpha pinene in essential oil in treatment of inoculation with azospirillum and the maximum geranyl acetate in inoculation together (azotobacter & azospirillum) were obtained.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.5.6
Younes Soltani; Vahid Reza Saffari; Ali Akbar Maghsoudi Moud
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 37-44
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of salicylic acid (0, 50, 100 ppm), ascorbic acid (0, 100, 200 ppm) and thiamine (0, 50, 100 ppm) on vegetative growth, flowering and photosynthetic pigments of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants at greenhouse of SB University ...
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A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of salicylic acid (0, 50, 100 ppm), ascorbic acid (0, 100, 200 ppm) and thiamine (0, 50, 100 ppm) on vegetative growth, flowering and photosynthetic pigments of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants at greenhouse of SB University of Kerman, Iran. Results showed that application of salicylic acid and thiamine increased number of flowering stems. Stem height increased only by application of thiamine. Fresh and dry weight of the plants affected by all treatments. Foliar spray of all treatments significantly influenced chl.b and total chl contents but differences in the amount of chl.a and carotenoids content was not significant. Application of all treatments reduced stomatal length while number of stomata and electrolyte leakage reduced only by application of salicylic acid. The highest amount of reducing sugars obtained by application of ascorbic acid at 200 ppm and thiamine at 100 ppm, respectively. Application of salicylic acid and thiamine significantly increased the amount of medicinal compound hyperoside.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.6.5
Medicinal Plant Chemistry
Aminallah Bagherifard; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Abas Bagheri; Mojtaba Barani Motlagh; Abas Rezayiasl
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 38-44
Abstract
The magnetic fields are one of the effective environmental factors on biological phenomena in living organisms especially plants. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that plays a good role in blood cholesterol reduction and liver disorders, this study has performed to investigate the ...
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The magnetic fields are one of the effective environmental factors on biological phenomena in living organisms especially plants. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that plays a good role in blood cholesterol reduction and liver disorders, this study has performed to investigate the effectiveness of magnetic water on growth, fresh and dry weight of leaf and root, efficiency of the water consuming and some chemical compounds of Artichoke plant in 2012. Experimental treatments include of four levels of electromagnetic field intensity (Zero, 3000, 6000 and 10000 Gauss) as a complete randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance of data revealed that plant growth, shoot weight, root weight and efficiency of water consuming and chemical compounds were significantly influenced by irrigation with magnified water. The highest Phenol and Antioxidant activity of plant extract was observed in samples which were irrigated with water in which magnified with 6000G magnetic field with 3.99 mg/g and 66.74%, respectively. Contrast to that the highest amount of chlorogenic acid (0.20 mg/g) was observed in samples which were irrigated using top water. Based on the obtained results Therefore, it is concluded this level (6000G) of intensity has better effectiveness in comparison to other level on quality of Irrigation water and could increase quality Artichoke plant. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.6.6
Agronomy of Medicinal Plants
parvin slehi shanjani; Masuomeh Izadpanah; Mohsen Calagari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the survival and growth of plants in the different habitats of Iran. Detailed knowledge about the ecophysiological responses of native plants to drought stress could contribute to the success of breeding and re-vegetation programs. Six wild ...
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Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the survival and growth of plants in the different habitats of Iran. Detailed knowledge about the ecophysiological responses of native plants to drought stress could contribute to the success of breeding and re-vegetation programs. Six wild populations of Anthemis tinctoria, were assigned to four drought treatments, i.e. well-watered (100% field capacity), mild drought stress (75% field capacity), moderate drought stress (55% field capacity), and severe drought stress (35% field capacity). Relative water content, dry matter content, osmotic solutes (proline and soluble sugars), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and polypolyphenol oxidase), total protein content, and pigments content were investigated. Severe drought stress largely increased accumulations of osmotic solutes and peroxidase activity of the most populations, but significantly decreased relative water content, dry matter content, total protein content and polyphenol oxidase activity in the all populations. Drought stress significantly decreased pigments content, but increased the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophylls in the studied populations. The positive relationships were observed among antioxidant enzymes activities, and between contents of osmotic solutes and antioxidant enzymes activities. These findings suggest that populations are characterized by a significantly different tolerance to drought, when drought stress occurs. Based on these findings it may conclude that the population 27480 is more tolerant to osmotic stress due to specific antioxidative mechanisms, while the population 18041 was the least tolerant to sever drought stress. It seems that the population 27480 has a higher adoption potential to arid and semi-arid conditions which makes it a candidate of choice in breeding programs.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.6.7
Amin Pasandi Pour; Hasan Farahbakhsh; Mehri Saffari
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 45-52
Abstract
To investigate the effect of salinity stress on membrane stability index, membrane lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and protein content of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum) an experiment with five levels of short-term salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) was carried out at the laboratory of agriculture ...
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To investigate the effect of salinity stress on membrane stability index, membrane lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and protein content of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum) an experiment with five levels of short-term salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) was carried out at the laboratory of agriculture faculty of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. The treatments were arranged based on a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that salinity stress caused a significant reduction in protein content and membrane stability index of fenugreek compared to control. The mentioned parameters decreased with increasing in salinity concentration, so that the lowest and highest values of these traits belonged to 200 and 0 mM salinity. MDA and other aldehydes content of shoot and root as the measure of membrane lipid peroxidation and catalase activity were increased in response to short-term salinity stress. Increased CAT in this plant indicates the tolerance capacity of the plant to protect itself from oxidative damage induced by NaCl.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.7.6
Medicinal Plant Chemistry
Masome Rahimbareshi; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Mehdi Alizadeh; Ahad Yamochi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 45-51
Abstract
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is one of the oldest herbs and nowadays because of its ingredient is concerned by pharmaceutical industry. Abiotic stresses including salinity, changes the metabolic pathways of cultured cells and leads to the production of secondary metabolites. This study ...
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Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is one of the oldest herbs and nowadays because of its ingredient is concerned by pharmaceutical industry. Abiotic stresses including salinity, changes the metabolic pathways of cultured cells and leads to the production of secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the effect of salt stress on antioxidant compounds of callus focusing on the phenol, flavonoid, and chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid production under in vitro conditions. The present study was carried out as two separate experiments as direct culture (cultured explant) on MS solid medium with different salinity concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200 µM NaCl) and indirect culture (callus culture) in different salin concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 75000 µM NaCl. Four weeks after culture the mentioned compounds were measured via distinctive methods. Results showed that, versus to indirect culture radical scavenging percentage, the content of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were significantly influenced by salinity and the highest amount of them were recorded in the samples in which treated with 300 µM NaCl, control and 600 µM NaCl, respectively. In indirect culture no significant difference was observed on other phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity except caffeic acid. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.7.7
Medicinal Plant Chemistry
Kianoush Hassanzadeh; Shiva Rahimi Tanha; Mohamad Mehdi Farzinia; Azim Ghasemnezhad
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 55-60
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants around the world. Essential oil as a weapon against biotic and abiotic stresses plays an important role in essential oil bearing plants. In this study the essential oil content and constituent of plants containing bacterium-gall ...
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Rosmarinus officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants around the world. Essential oil as a weapon against biotic and abiotic stresses plays an important role in essential oil bearing plants. In this study the essential oil content and constituent of plants containing bacterium-gall on the shoots and crown was compared with non-contaminated plants. Essential oil percentage was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger trap. Identification of the essential oil compounds was done by GC/MS. Results in essential oil percentage showed that, contaminated plants were relatively lower than that of non-contaminated plants per 100 grams of dry leaves. GC/MS also, verified that α- pinene and Camphor, respectively were 1.43% and 7.02%, more in contaminated plant than non-contaminated plant. In addition, Berbenone (18%), was the most common constituent which had been observed only in contaminated rosemaries. The analysis of leaf extract using HPLC, showed that the content of rosmarinic acid of healthy plants was significantly lower than that of contaminated plants. In addition, contaminated plants had total phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as antioxidant activity in the highest amount. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that, gall bacteria had influence on the phenolic components which are known as secondary metabolites in this medicinal plant and phenolic derivatives may be modified in quantity and quality by the affection of this biotic stressor, this could be considered as an application for further usage in metabolic culture.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.7.8
Maryam Mohadjerani; Elham Shokohsaljoghi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 53-58
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and urease inhibitory properties of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis L. The extracts of the root and pulp of fruit were prepared by soxhlet apparatus in methanol as solvent. The antioxidative activities, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ...
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This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and urease inhibitory properties of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis L. The extracts of the root and pulp of fruit were prepared by soxhlet apparatus in methanol as solvent. The antioxidative activities, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and total antioxidant activity were studied in vitro. The results showed that both tested extracts have antioxidative characteristics and it was found that the antioxidative activities of all the extracts increased with the increase of the concentration. In this report the methanolic extracts of C. colocynthis root and pulp were evaluated for their effect on inhibition of soybean urease using the indophenol method as described by Weatherburn. The inhibition potency was measured by spectroscopy technique at 630 nm which attributes to released ammonium. The extracts showed inhibitory activities with IC50 7.31μg/µl for root extract and 13.71μg/µl for pulp extract.
https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.1.8.7
Essential Oil Chemistry
Maryam Esmaili; Aazam Monfared; Mohammad Akbarzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 61-65
Abstract
Juniperus sabina L. is normally low shrub with procumbent or obliquely ascending branches, or rarely a small tree to about 4 m, monoecious or dioecious. Juniperus sabina L. is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine as an abortive. Its lignanes have antineoplastic and antiviral activity, and also ...
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Juniperus sabina L. is normally low shrub with procumbent or obliquely ascending branches, or rarely a small tree to about 4 m, monoecious or dioecious. Juniperus sabina L. is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine as an abortive. Its lignanes have antineoplastic and antiviral activity, and also essential oil of Juniperus sabina L. has shown antibacterial and antifungal activity. The aim of this research is to extract and measure the chemical compounds of essential oils of fruits and aerial parts of the plant Juniperus sabina L. which are collected from the North Highlands located in the Mazandaran province. In this study, the components of Juniperus sabina L. (fruits and aerial parts), after extraction essential oils by Clevenger apparatus, their compounds were analysed and identified by GC/MS. Essential oils from fruits of the Juniperus sabina L., were shown 27 compounds that the Sabinene in 50.31% maximum, and α-Thujene with 0.32% were the lowest amounts in the oils. While the essential oils from aerial parts of Juniperus sabina L. 40 compounds were identified, that Sabinene by 36.59% was the highest amount and α-Thujene by 0.11% has at the lowest percentage.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.8.9
Medicinal Plant Chemistry
Mohammad Asif
Volume 2, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body. Liver injury or liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Liver cell ...
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The liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body. Liver injury or liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Liver cell injury caused by various toxic chemicals (certain antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, excessive alcohol consumption, and microbes are well-studied. The available synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders in this condition also cause further damage to the liver. Hence, Herbal drugs have become increasingly popular and their use is widespread. Herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time so the maintenance of a healthy liver is essential for the overall well-being of an individual. Various herbal medicines are available in the market. The liver is the largest solid organ in the upper abdomen that aids in digestion and removes waste products and worn-out cells from the blood. Liver injury or liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Liver injury induced by toxins is more common nowadays. Herbal remedies are focused in the pharmaceutical industry to evolve a safe route for liver disorders. The present review is aimed at compiling data on promising phytochemicals from medicinal plants that have been tested in hepatotoxicity models using the modern scientific system.
Ethnomedicine
Ali Mohammad Asaadi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 21-34
Abstract
Traditional medicinal herbs are generally transmitted orally through a community, family and individuals, which is not documented. The present research was carried out with the aim of identifying the traditional application of medicinal herbs of Kurmanjis Kurdish of Bojnourd City for curing the diseases. ...
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Traditional medicinal herbs are generally transmitted orally through a community, family and individuals, which is not documented. The present research was carried out with the aim of identifying the traditional application of medicinal herbs of Kurmanjis Kurdish of Bojnourd City for curing the diseases. In order to collect data on medicinal plants that was found in the wildlife ecosystems of Bojnourd; an investigation was performed. A questionnaire was administered only to people who had knowledge of medicinal herbs, through face to face interviews. After collecting the plant specimens, we displayed these specimens to the local people in their houses and farms. During the interviews, native names and utilized parts of the plants as well as information on the types of diseases treated using traditional medicinal plant species were recorded. In all, 201 medicinal plants belonging to 53 families grown in the study areas are traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The most common families are Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, with 25 and 24 species, respectively. Most of the parts of the plants that were collected consist of aerial parts, fruits, root, leaves, flowers and seeds orderly. The most species were reported to be used for digestive disorders, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems. Some of medicinal species in the wildlife ecosystems of area are endangered due to excessive use. The transfer of these plants to agricultural fields can be a great help to create employments and Protecting of these plants. The present study represents important ethnobotanical data on medical herbs which provides basic data for future pharmacological and phytochemical investigates.