Journal of Ethno-Pharmaceutical Products

Abstract Drought, as a multidimensional stress, has various destructive and adverse effects on plants and affects many morphological characteristics and physiological, biochemical and nutritional processes related to plant growth and development. This tension generates reactive oxygen species causes damage to the cell membrane. In the photosynthetic apparatus, the inhibition of electron transfer causes the reduction of the main photosynthetic pigments and protein accumulation. Wheat response to water deficit stress has many mechanisms that include cellular-molecular changes and its transfer to other metabolic activities and its effect on plant morphology. Therefore, the general purpose of this research was to investigate the interaction effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (25 nm) with two types of zinc nanoparticles (25 and 50 nm) at a concentration of 50 mg/liter on greater resistance of wheat (Arg cultivar) and improving its growth under drought stress conditions. Thus Wheat plants were treated with drought stress including two control levels and 7 days of water deficit. After applying drought treatments and the nanoparticles to the plants, some growth and pigments parameters were measured in stem, root and leaf to evaluate the effect of zinc and iron nanoparticles separately and mutually on the resistance of plants to drought stress. The occurrence of drought stress compared to the control led to a decrease in shoot length and other growth parameters. In this way, drought stress in the form of 5 days of water deprivation caused a decrease in root and stem length as well as other growth parameters such as fresh weight, dry weight, leaf water content, etc. compared to the control plants without drought stress. According to results, in conditions without drought stress, the application of both types of zinc oxide nanoparticles without or combined with iron oxide nanoparticles at the level of 5% had a significant effect.

Abstract The agricultural sector in developing countries can be the main engine of economic growth and development, but it is always affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses that cause waste of resources. One of the most important of them are pests. Mankind has always been trying to fight against these factors. One of the solutions is the use of chemical and synthetic pesticides, whose negative and destructive effects on human health and the environment are always discussed today. Some plants have secondary metabolites that have pesticidal effects and are very efficient with different effects on insects. Extracts of plant or whole plants have been used for centuries in various cases including pest control, and They are known all over the world. Bioactive plant compounds such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids have pesticidal effects that do not affect natural enemies and provide food products free of toxic residues. In addition, no negative effects of these compounds on human health have been reported so far. Today nearly 2500 plants with insecticidal properties are known, but unfortunately only a few of them have been properly evaluated. Furthermore, commercial biopesticides are not widely used in conventional crop production but are recognized by organic crop producers in industrialized countries

Abstract More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Abstract Compounds which are able to reduce damaging effects of various stresses such as drought could be of great importance. In this research, arginine was used as a precursor of nitric oxide or polyamines and the effect of this compound on alleviation of oxidative damages under drought stress has been investigated. Experimental treatments included arginine at three levels (0, 10 and 20 µmol) and, drought stress (induced by polyethylene glycol 6000) at the levels of 0, 13.5% and 17% (W/V). This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The application of arginine through the root medium, increased drought tolerance of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) seedlings. Arginine profoundly induced the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and, polyphenol oxidase in plants which led to reduction in electrolyte leakage and increasing in relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and, carotenoids), polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin content and, soluble sugar content. It is concluded that the application of arginine appeared to induce pre-adaptive responses to drought stress, leading to promote protective reactions.
 
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2021.2.1.2.2

Abstract Nowadays, many antibiotics are being used to control infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to emergence of resistant bacteria and problems such as a prolonged course of treatment. Medicinal plants and their derivatives, as a good source of treatment, are effective against drug resistance. In this study we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of herbal essential oils of four medicinal plant Cuminum cyminum, Satureja hotensis L, Citrus limon and Mentha piperita. For preparation of herbal essential oils clevenger apparatus was used, and the active components of the herbal essential oils were determined by GC-MS. In order to observe the effects of the essential oils, they were examined on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method in vitro. Also, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericide Concentration (MBC) of each essential oil was measured and compared with commonly used antibiotics. Obtained results showed that all of the essential oils possess inhibitory and antibacterial effects, but the Mentha piperita essential oil showed a better effect in comparison to other used essential oils. It was concluded that all the herbal species demonstrate antibacterial properties, but the level of bacterial growth inhibition induced by plant materials, shown to be dependent on herbal source and bacterial strain.   DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23833017.2014.1.2.4.5